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20225404(en)/11 - Taxes, Head Lice and Gods: Cultural Implications and Prevalence of Pediculosis in Individuals from the Camarones 9 Inca Site, Norhern Chile

TAXES, HEAD LICE AND GODS: CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS AND PREVALENCE OF PEDICULOSIS IN INDIVIDUALS FROM THE CAMARONES 9 INCA SITE, NORHERN CHILE

TRIBUTOS, PIOJOS Y DIOSES: IMPLICANCIAS CULTURALES Y PREVALENCIA DE LA PEDICULOSIS EN INDIVIDUOS DEL SITIO INCAICO DE CAMARONES 9, NORTE DE CHILE

Bernardo Arriaza, Natalia Aravena, Hipólito Núñez y Vivien G. Standen

In this work, we studied the prevalence of pediculosis in the Inca site, Camarones 9 (northern Chile), to contrast with descriptions contained in the chronicles and what has been observed in the bioarchaeological record. The head lice is a frequent ectoparasitosis, but the cultural responses and its control vary according to the affected populations. To delve into this topic, we studied 25 mummies with abundant hair, quantifying the presence, absence, and density of pediculosis in an area of hair measuring 2 x 2 cm. About 88% (22/25) of the mummies were found positive for head lice, with an average density of 4.4 nits per 2 x 2 cm. It should be noted that one of the individuals analyzed had a density of 30 nits in the same 2 x 2 cm area, presenting the highest amount from the total number of individuals studied. In the light of this evidence, the cultural practices associated with pediculosis are discussed, as well as whether the considerable number of specimens observed would have been used as tribute during the Inca period when there was no other way to contribute to the state. It is concluded that pediculosis was endemic and that its cultural tolerance and worldview contributed to its prevalence during the Late period.

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20235501(en)/1 - Fragmentary Neolithic Changes in the Argentine Andes: Regional Trends in Radiocarbon Dates, Paleoclimate and Lithic Material in Mendoza’s Uspallata Valley

FRAGMENTARY NEOLITHIC CHANGES IN THE ARGENTINE ANDES: REGIONAL TRENDS IN RADIOCARBON DATES, PALEOCLIMATE AND LITHIC MATERIAL IN MENDOZA’S USPALLATA VALLEY

CAMBIOS NEOLÍTICOS FRAGMENTARIOS EN LOS ANDES ARGENTINOS (32,5°S): TENDENCIAS CRONOLÓGICAS EN LOS FECHADOS, EL PALEOCLIMA Y EL MATERIAL LÍTICO DEL VALLE DE USPALLATA DE MENDOZA

Erik J. Marsh, Silvina Castro, Valeria Cortegoso, Kristin Carline, Savanna Buehlman-Barbeau y Jennifer De Alba

In the central Argentine Andes, the earliest evidence of domestic crops, pottery, cemeteries, domestic camelids, and the bow and arrow dates from approximately two thousand years ago. In contrast to traditional expectations, these Neolithic changes did not occur together. To evaluate the synchronic or diachronic nature of these changes in northern Mendoza (Argentina), we parsed six phases with 92 published dates, five of which are unpublished, and four paleoclimatic proxies for the time span of 3790–1010 cal BP. We refined the phases with archaeological data from the Uspallata Valley around Cerro Tunduqueral, which is known for its rock art. The lithic analysis of the Alero Tunduqueral site provides evidence of mainly expeditious strategies, direct provisioning of local resources, and embedded mobility to acquire more distant raw materials. We estimate the cost of acquiring raw material with a friction surface of walking hours using a GIS. These data allow us to propose a phase without Neolithic elements (phase 1), followed by an early presence of domestic crops during a neoglacial advance (phase 2). The latter led to a population displacement to the lower areas associated with the first ceramics and houses (phase 3), before there was a return to the higher areas (phases 4-6), coinciding with increased regional precipitation.

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20235501(en)/2 - Archaeofauna, Ceramic and the Use of Space in Early Agropastoralist Societies: Excavations at the Corral Grande 1 Site, Antofagasta de La Sierra (Argentine Puna)

ARCHAEOFAUNA, CERAMIC AND THE USE OF SPACE IN EARLY AGROPASTORALIST SOCIETIES: EXCAVATIONS AT THE CORRAL GRANDE 1 SITE, ANTOFAGASTA DE LA SIERRA (ARGENTINE PUNA)

ARQUEOFAUNA, CERÁMICA Y USO DEL ESPACIO EN SOCIEDADES AGROPASTORILES TEMPRANAS: EXCAVACIONES EN EL SITIO CORRAL GRANDE 1, ANTOFAGASTA DE LA SIERRA (PUNA ARGENTINA)

Jennifer Grant, Martin Casanova Menendez, Luis V. J. Coll y Daniel Olivera

This article presents the preliminary results of a faunal and ceramic analysis of material recovered from excavations carried out in Structure 4 (E4) of the Corral Grande 1 site (lower Mojones River basin), located in the Department of Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, southern Argentine Puna). We aim to deepen our understanding of the economy, technology, and use of space by early agropastoralist societies in the area (ca. 3000-1100 years BP). The data recovered shows a stable agropastoralist occupation with ceramic technology that was used for storage, cooking, and food-servicing activities. The decorated ceramic uncovered corresponds to regional Late Formative Period types (1700-1100 years BP). Concomitantly, zooarchaeological analysis has allowed us to register diversified economic strategies with a high degree of resources being obtained through hunting. Finally, the results suggest that multiple activities were carried out within Structure 4 over the long term, with the structure functioning as a patio for external activities.

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20235501(en)/3 - Fingerprints and Ceramics: Identity Approach of Potters in Ancient Coclé, Panamá (780 - 1020 AD)

FINGERPRINTS AND CERAMICS: IDENTITY APPROACH OF POTTERS IN ANCIENT COCLÉ, PANAMÁ (780 - 1020 AD)

HUELLAS DIGITALES Y CERÁMICAS: APROXIMACIÓN A LA IDENTIDAD DE LOS ARTESANOS EN EL ANTIGUO COCLÉ, PANAMÁ (780 - 1020 DC)

Carlos Mayo-Torné, Jesús Herrerín y Yadixa Mayin Del Valle-Guardia

This article presents the results of an analysis of paleo dermatoglyphs, calculating the mean and density of ridge breadth (MRB and MDB) for recently identified fingerprints in ceramic groups from the El Caño site, Panama. This analysis aims to evaluate how ceramic production was organized in ancient Coclé, coinciding with the emergence of craft specialization and hierarchical societies in one of the reference cultures of the macro Isthmo-Colombian Cultural Region. The results of this work show that men, women, and occasionally young people participated in the manufacturing of ceramics in a specialized artisan context. This analysis also revealed, in relation to the most richly decorated ceramics, that there was evidence of their manufacture being carried out predominantly by male labor with an absence of non-adults.

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20235501(en)/4 - Ceramic Assemblages from Dwelling 1, Casas Quemadas (Cusi Cusi, Argentine Puna, Jujuy) during the Inka Horizon (AD 1430-1535) and Early Colonial Period (AD 1535-1660). Changes and Continuities

CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES FROM DWELLING 1, CASAS QUEMADAS (CUSI CUSI, ARGENTINE PUNA, JUJUY) DURING THE INKA HORIZON (AD 1430-1535) AND EARLY COLONIAL PERIOD (AD 1535-1660). CHANGES AND CONTINUITIES

LOS CONJUNTOS CERÁMICOS DEL RECINTO 1 DE CASAS QUEMADAS (CUSI CUSI, PUNA DE JUJUY, ARGENTINA) DURANTE EL HORIZONTE INKA (1430-1535 DC) Y EL PERIODO COLONIAL TEMPRANO (1535-1660 DC). CAMBIOS Y CONTINUIDADES

José María Vaquer y Yamila Cámera

In this paper we offer an interpretation of the ceramic assemblages from Dwelling 1 from Casas Quemadas (Cusi Cusi, Puna of Jujuy, Argentina), relating them to changes and continuities in the way of life of its inhabitants during the Inka Horizon (AD 1430-1535) and Early Colonial Period (AD 1535-1660). We propose that the inhabitants’ ways of life did not alter significantly during the first stages of the Spanish invasion, as the ceramic assemblages did not undergo changes in composition and function. We attribute this phenomenon to the fact that the region was of little importance for the Spanish during the early conquest, so local populations had relative freedom to carry on with their traditional ways of life. The situation changed when colonial rule had taken root in the Puna, as the Dwelling was abandoned and became integrated with the routes of muleteers moving livestock to the mines. Based on the ceramic assemblages and the activities they were used for, we interpret the social processes at a local and global scale, considering domestic space to be the main locus for the production and reproduction of habitus.

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