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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

GUANACO HUNTING IN THE ARID CHACO (CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA): A ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

CACERÍA DE GUANACOS EN EL CHACO ÁRIDO (CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA): UNA MIRADA DESDE LA ZOOARQUEOLOGÍA

Thiago Costa, María Paula Weihmüller and Jessica Manzano-García

Supplementary Table 1: Table

We present a zooarchaeological analysis of a modern collection of 24 guanacos (Lama guanicoe), a product of the hunting, processing, consumption and disposal of the animals in a field located in the northwest of the province of Córdoba, Argentina. To the previous analyses, we add information obtained through semi-structured interviews (n=50), sometimes with the participation of two or three interlocutors, open and in-depth (n=16), and participant observation with local residents (N=8), in an attempt to contribute to the understanding of human-guanaco relations through an archaeology of the contemporary past (late 20th century to present). Our results show changes and continuities regarding the hunting, processing and use of these ungulates. In light of our results, we also discuss the symbolic and medicinal value of the species for the local community. Finally, we draw attention to how the socioeconomic and ecological changes associated with the Anthropocene have endangered guanacos at a provincial scale. Thus, we underscore the importance of addressing an archaeology of the contemporary era which contributes to biocultural conservation in the area.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

SACRED VALUES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE: DISCONTINUITIES AND REAPPROPRIATIONS OF THE MÚULO’OB IN QUINTANA ROO

LOS VALORES SAGRADOS DEL PATRIMONIO ARQUEOLÓGICO: DISCONTINUIDADES Y REAPROPIACIONES EN TORNO A LOS MÚULO’OB EN QUINTANA ROO

Mathieu Picas

In Mexico, spiritual colonization and the conversion of pre-Hispanic sites into symbols of national identity has historically distanced indigenous peoples from their archaeological heritage. However, information from early twentieth century sources indicates that Maya communities used to bestow certain sites with religious and social meanings. These observations have been gradually disappearing from the literature as a result of the institutionalization of archaeology and development of tourism, especially in the region of the modern-day state of Quintana Roo. The aim of this paper is to analyze perceptions and uses around certain pre-Hispanic remains in this state and to examine their possible sacred value today. The opening hypothesis of this work is that certain archaeological mounds, known locally as múulo’ob, occupy an important place in contemporary Maya ritual life. The analysis will focus on two contexts that allow us to understand the sacred dimensions of certain sites in the region. The first includes remains that are involved in different aspects of rituality and memory in Báalche’, a locality in the municipality of Felipe Carrillo Puerto. The second is Kantunilkín, where a particular structure has, in recent years, become a local heritage site.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

GEOGRAPHIES, ASSEMBLAGE AND RE-EXISTENCES IN THE BLACK POPULATIONS OF THE PATÍA VALLEY AND THE COLOMBIAN SOUTH PACIFIC

GEOGRAFÍAS, ENTRAMADOS Y RE-EXISTENCIAS EN LAS POBLACIONES NEGRAS DEL VALLE DEL PATÍA Y EL PACÍFICO SUR COLOMBIANO

Yilver Mosquera-Vallejo and Javier Tobar

This paper offers an overview of the concepts of identity, cultural difference, and place, showing how they have been understood by anthropology and human geography. In this context, it aims to examine the geographies, networks and re-existences that have unfolded among the black populations of the Patía Valley and the Colombian South Pacific in the light of socio-historical and geographical evidence from 1993 to 2020. Using works published in the last three decades, our strategy consisted in identifying the historical processes, re-existences, and the ways in which these territories have been discursively produced. While the South Pacific has been traversed by different extractivist cycles from colonial times to the present, and in the last three decades by a process that co-produces ethnicity and biodiversity, we found, due to its colonial experience, that the Patía Valley is tied to maroon practices that have crystallized in everyday life, thus giving rise to re-existence. Finally, we establish that both spaces have been the object of constitutive violence that has produced terrorized lands.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

CAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE ETHNOGENESIS OF CHILEAN NATIVE POPULATIONS?

¿PUEDE EL ADN MITOCONDRIAL PROPORCIONAR INFORMACIÓN SOBRE LA ETNOGÉNESIS DE LOS PUEBLOS ORIGINARIOS CHILENOS?

Francisco Rothhammer, Giannina Puddu y Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo

Despite efforts made by numerous researchers, existing knowledge about the origin of the majority of Chilean ethnic populations continues to be fragmentary and partially contradictory. Our aim is to contribute to the clarification of this important aspect of Chilean history, from the perspective of historical genetics. We first examine the variation of pan-American haplogroups of mitochondrial DNA (A, B, C and D) in five natural regions of continental Chile: Norte Grande (Far North), Norte Chico (Near North), Central Zone, Southern Zone and Southernmost Zone. When evaluating the distribution of men and women of American ancestral origin, the predominance of women over men is noticeable. In contrast, when the gender distribution of individuals of European ancestral origin is analyzed, male predominance is consistently observed. Next we calculated genetic distances between representatives of different ethnic groups of the southern cone of South America, the natural regions of Chile and mixed populations of Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina. As expected, genetic distances indicate proximity between Quechua, Aymara, and Atacameño and the Norte Grande, and between Pehuenche, Mapuche, Huilliche, Tehuelche, Alacalufe, Yagan and Ona and the Southern and Southernmost Zone. In addition, displacements of groups and population mixing involving the Amazon, Central Andes and Argentina are revealed, contributing to a clearer understanding of the geographical origin of Chilean ethnic groups.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

ASSESSMENT OF AN EAST-WEST PHENOTYPIC VARIATION IN BODY HEIGHT, BODY FORM AND BODY MASS AMONG PREHISTORIC HUNTER-GATHERERS OF PATAGONIA AND TIERRA DEL FUEGO, CHILE

EVALUACIÓN DE LA VARIACIÓN FENOTÍPICA DEL PESO, LA FORMA Y LA MASA CORPORAL EN GRUPOS CAZADORES-RECOLECTORES PREHISTÓRICOS DE PATAGONIA Y TIERRA DEL FUEGO, CHILE

Marta Alfonso-Durruty, Bretton T. Giles, Manuel San Román, and Flavia Morello

Fuego-Patagonia’s marine and terrestrial groups were historically described as phenotypically distinct but, studies of these phenotypic differences have yet to be conducted. This study evaluates phenotypic variation in Fuego-Patagonia. Phenotypic disparities result from extrinsic and intrinsic factors and therefore can reveal differences in both long and short term adaptations as well as genetic differences. Fifty-one adults were assessed. A total of six post-cranial measurements were included: maximum length of the humerus (MHL); maximum length of the radius (MRL); Bicondylar length of the femur (BFL); Maximum length of the tibia (MTL); bi-iliac breadth (BIB), and; antero-posterior diameter of the femoral head (FHD). Brachial index, crural index, body mass, body mass index and stature were then calculated. In general, terrestrial individuals had longer lower limb bones and were the tallest and heaviest. Marine individuals had the shortest bones and were shorter and lighter. Mixed-economy individuals showed mostly intermediate values. The trends are more marked in males than in females. The results suggests the presence of an east-to-west phenotypic gradient in the region that may have resulted from intrinsic and/or extrinsic differences between the groups. But, the sample size of this study is small, and thus the results should be cautiously considered.

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