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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

THE PARADOX BETWEEN CULTURE AND REALITY: THE CHALLENGE OF RAISING MAPUCHE BOYS AND GIRLS IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN CHILE

LA PARADOJA ENTRE CULTURA Y REALIDAD: EL ESFUERZO DE CRIAR NIÑOS Y NIÑAS MAPUCHE EN COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS DE CHILE

Ana M. Alarcón, Marcela Castro G., Paula Astudillo D. and Yolanda Nahuelcheo S.

35% of the population in the Araucanian region of Chile is Mapuche and lives mainly in rural areas. This paper focuses on the development of Mapuche indigenous children and how their families cope with raising them in a territory characterized by poverty and socio-political conflicts. It is an ethnographic study carried out in Mapuche rural communities (Temuco, Ercilla, Lumaco, Collipulli). Sixty people participated by sharing their experiences through in-depth interviews. The results showed that raising and protecting children is a social and cultural endeavor for the entire community. This is a critical task due to historical political and social constraints. Their culture, history and language strengthen their Mapuche identity and resistance to colonialism. Mapuche families face the paradox of teaching Mapuche culture within an environment of hostility and Chilean ethnocentrism.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES OF SEX: THE KNOWLEDGE OF SEX WORKERS IN THE STREETS OF IQUIQUE

PRÁCTICAS PROFESIONALES DEL SEXO: EL SABER DE LAS TRABAJADORAS SEXUALES EN LAS CALLES DE IQUIQUE

Jacqueline Espinoza-Ibacache and Lupicinio Íñiguez-Rueda

In the present article we identify the denominations, definitions and ways of doing of women who practice professional sex in the streets of Iquique (the capital of the Tarapacá Region, northern Chile). We have adopted an ethnomethodological perspective, which focuses on the methods used by social actresses to give meaning to their actions, to carry out an ethnography that included observations and in-depth interviews with sex workers from the streets of Iquique. We argue that these social actresses refer to professional sex practices a work; however, the moralizing and legal actions of the context contribute to their being defined as a delegitimized social practice. This definition has an impact on these sex workers’ ways of doing things regarding the management of their family relationships, the management of public and private space, gender relations, and uses of language. By focusing on the production of tiny strategies and procedures, which allow these workers to resist on a daily basis, we do not intend to normalize their precariousness, but rather to point out that their agency gives us a privileged point of view on how to challenge the limits of hegemonic patterns that define the feminine.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

ETHNIC FOOD, EXOTICISM AND OTHERNESS IN CHILE. THE CASE OF THE RESTAURANT “PEUMAYÉN ANCESTRAL FOOD”

COMIDA ÉTNICA, EXOTISMO Y OTREDAD EN CHILE. EL CASO DEL RESTAURANTE “PEUMAYÉN ANCESTRAL FOOD”

Isabel M. Aguilera Bornand

This article describes and interprets the gastronomic experience of the clients of “Peumayén Ancestral Food” restaurant. This restaurant, located in Santiago the capital city of Chile, offers a cuisine inspired by three indigenous peoples: Mapuche, Aymara and Rapa Nui, so that diners approach the symbolic consumption of otherness. The opinions of the clients, collected through netnographic techniques, inform about the meanings of learning, risk and self-knowledge that food consumption acquires in contexts marked by exoticism. The case of Peumayén allows to investigate the mechanisms of exoticization / production of a consumable other, as well as to advance in delimiting the role of consumption within the frame of multiculturalism and intercultural relations.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

REPRESENTACIÓN E IDENTIDAD: LOS MUSEOS LOCALES EN LA PENÍNSULA DE SANTA ELENA EN LA COSTA ECUATORIANA

REPRESENTATION AND IDENTITY: LOCAL MUSEUMS IN THE SANTA ELENA PENINSULA ON THE ECUADORIAN COAST

Ana Maritza Freire (Ecuador)

The self-perception of a “we”, anchored in a common past, creates a self-conception of identity among peninsular comuneros. Museums and cultural heritage connected with scientific and archaeological knowledge reconstruct the cultural past and support the present. The collective nature of cultural identity has guaranteed the continuity and permanence over time of the communal society, and sets limits in relation to its social surroundings, defining who they are, who they share with and how they see themselves in their heritage. In this respect, every community is a social universe that identifies itself as a holder of cultural heritage which has been transmitted to them, around which they create a collective local identity that is shaped in contrast to the hegemonic imaginary of national identity. This paper aims at establishing dialogues between archaeological interpretations and the acknowledgement and meanings attributed to cultural heritage, in comunas where museums were built in order to support the revitalization of national and local culture.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

EL MUSEO TÚCUME Y LA NUEVA MUSEOLOGÍA

THE TÚCUME MUSEUM AND THE NEW MUSEOLOGY

Luis Alfredo Narváez Vargas (Perú)

The Túcume Museum was opened in 1992 and in 1994 it was granted the status of public institution dependent on the National Institute of Culture (NIC), which is today the Ministry of Culture of Peru. The museum is the result of an archaeological research project carried out between 1989 and 1994 under the sponsorship of the famous Norwegian biologist and explorer Thor Heyerdahl, and funded by the Kon Tiki Museum in Oslo under an agreement with the NIC. From its origins, the museum had a strong ethnographic interest which brought it closer to diverse expressions of the local traditional culture, proposing a dialogue between the past and the present not only from its exhibitions but also from the development of community relations. Its activities have always been in line with the tendencies of the French New Museology from the second half of the XX century, creating a pioneering and innovative management model for its time in Peru. In this way, the main line of action including territory, heritage and community has characterized its community relations and defined its scientific interest, leading to the organization of an ecomuseum as the only example of this methodology in Peru. Nevertheless, this experience highlights the debate about the sustainability criteria in the management of cultural heritage in general and of archaeological heritage in particular.

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