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¿CUÁL ES EL DEBATE? LA COMPLEJIDAD DEL QHAPAQ ÑAN EXIGE RESPUESTAS COMPLEJAS Y RESPONSABLES

Alejandra Korstanje

Agradezco a la Revista Chungara la posibilidad que me da de comentar este artículo, donde estoy involucrada en las críticas del autor, junto a mi colega, Jorgelina García Azcárate.

Un artículo basado en “discutir autores” requiere de un ejercicio diferente al de exponer ideas surgidas de un trabajo de campo o de archivo. Es un debate de posiciones teóricas, pero sobre todo ideológicas y, por ende, políticas, y esa es la arena a la que creo que lleva el autor. En ese sentido, la discusión ideológica requiere que las y los “debatidores” aclaren el lugar de enunciación del cual parten.

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DIÁLOGOS DE SABERES EN TORNO A RESTOS HUMANOS SENSIBLES. UNA PROPUESTA MUSEOGRÁFICA, AUDIOVISUAL Y EDITORIAL

DIALOGUES OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SENSITIVE HUMAN REMAINS. A MUSEOGRAPHIC, AUDIOVISUAL AND EDITORIAL PROPOSAL

Mariana Fabra and Mariela Eleonora Zabala

For 15 years, the Public Archeology Program -PAP- (SEU, FFyH, UNC) has been carrying out bioarchaeological work on the southern coast of the Mar Chiquita lagoon (Córdoba, Argentina). The requests for intervention were made by the workers of the museums and neighbors as a result of the hydrological fluctuations of the lagoon and their impact on archaeological sites characterized by the discovery of human remains. In addition to the rescue activities, training and advisory work regarding cultural heritage projects were conducted. The objective of the present article is to socialize a Heritage Education and Museology experience that we are building together with the community of the Museum of Natural Sciences Aníbal Montes -MCNAM- (Miramar, Córdoba, Argentina), some members of other museums in the area, representatives of Indigenous Peoples of Córdoba, and the PAP. This experience of collective construction, within a framework of dialogue of knowledge, will be reflected in three museological, museographic and educational products: an itinerant exhibition, a documentary, and an online publication. We are interested in sharing the methodologies applied for the recovery of knowledge of the local archaeological heritage, particularly bioarchaeo- logical heritage, as well as the design of the scripts of each product incorporating the voices of multiple social actors.

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EVALUATION OF PROBABILISTIC SAMPLING METHODS IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES THROUGH SUBSURFACE SOUNDING

EVALUACIÓN DE LOS MÉTODOS DE MUESTREO PROBABILÍSTICOS EN LA CARACTERIZACIÓN DE SITIOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS POR MEDIO DE SONDEOS SUBSUPERFICIALES

Luis E. Cornejo B.

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the probabilistic sampling methods applied to subsurface sounding (e.g. test pit, auger holes) as tools to measure the density distribution of subsurface archaeological remains. By means of the simulation of three types of sites with different density distributions of subsurface archaeological materials and the application of different sampling schemes and sampling fractions, the degree of error in representing the density distribution of subsurface materials achieved with different sampling alternatives is observed. It is concluded, on the one hand, that a sampling scheme scarcely used in field archeology, sampling by interval transects, produces fewer errors. On the other hand, beyond the expected relation between the size of the sample and the precision with which a universe is represented, it has been possible to estimate which range of sampling fraction produces acceptable errors.

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A SYSTEMATIC REGIONAL STUDY OF TREPONEMATOSES IN PRE-COLUMBIAN BRAZILIAN SHELL MOUNDS (SAMBAQUIS)

ESTUDIO REGIONAL SISTEMÁTICO DE TREPONEMATOSIS EN CONCHALES (SAMBAQUIS) PRECOLOMBINOS DE BRASIL

José Filippini, Luis Pezo-Lanfranco and Sabine Eggers

Within the field of study of the origins of syphilis (pre-Columbian, Columbian and Unitary hypotheses), this work aims to identify, through a systematic approach, treponematoses in several archaeological sites from the south and southeast coast of Brazil. 768 skeletons from 45 shell mounds (sambaquis) were investigated using an integrated morphoscopic method to diagnose treponematoses (syphilis, yaws and bejel). 22 (2.86%) suspected cases of treponematosis were detected in 14 of the 45 evaluated sites (31.11%). After the differential diagnosis, four cases of acquired syphilis, nine cases of yaws and nine individuals with treponematosis without definitive diagnosis were identified. Eleven new 14C AMS dates obtained from individuals with lesions compatible with treponematoses show that this disease spectrum affected people from 6300 years BP to 500 years BP. This study suggests the existence of treponematoses at the Brazilian southeast coast about 6000 years before the European contact.

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PREHISPANIC PRESENCE, SETTLEMENT PATTERNS AND ECOLOGICAL COMPLEMENTARITY IN THE LOMAS OF THE SAMA VALLEY, TACNA, PERU

PRESENCIA HUMANA, PATRONES DE ASENTAMIENTOS PREHISPÁNICOS Y COMPLEMENTARIEDAD ECOLÓGICA EN LAS LOMAS DEL VALLE DE SAMA, TACNA, PERÚ

Sarah I. Baitzel and Arturo F. Rivera Infante

Pedestrian survey of the middle Sama Valley (460-730 masl), Tacna, on the far south coast of Peru has identified 47 archaeological sites dating from the Archaic to the Late Horizon Period. Early hunter-gatherer populations occupied lomas and riparian environments in connection with coastal-highland mobility. The arrival of agropastoralist Cabuza populations in the terminal Middle Horizon foreshadowed Murra’s (1972) early Colonial “vertical complementarity” mode. Throughout the late prehispanic period a series of highlander incursions into the valley occurred attracted by the arable valley, lomas pasture, and proximity to the coast, culminating in the installation of Inca imperial infrastructure.

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