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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

DE LO PRECOLOMBINO A LAS CADENAS OPERATORIAS. EL MUSEO NACIONAL DE ETNOGRAFÍA Y FOLKLORE (MUSEF) DE BOLIVIA EN PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA

FROM THE PRE-COLUMBIAN TO THE CHAÎNES OPÉRATOIRES. THE MUSEO NACIONAL DE ETNOGRAFÍA Y FOLKLORE (MUSEF) OF BOLIVIA IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Juan Villanueva Criales (Bolivia)

This article focuses on an important part of the history of Bolivian museums, specifically on that of the National Museum of Ethnography and Folklore (MUSEF) and its precursors, which can be traced back to the first Public Museum of La Paz founded in 1846. Based on existing documentation, this paper provides an approach to the character of these exhibitions over time, relating them to the prevailing political discourses of each period. Finally, a more detailed approach is taken to discuss recent MUSEF periods, and the way in which the concept of chaîne opératoire has been used to articulate the pre-Hispanic with the present (a very strong separation that stems from the revolutionary nationalism of the 1950s) through material bridges.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

ENTRE PABLO NERUDA Y RIGOBERTA MENCHÚ. REPRESENTACIONES DEL PASADO PRECOLOMBINO EN MUSEOS DE CHILE

BETWEEN PABLO NERUDA AND RIGOBERTA MENCHÚ. REPRESENTATIONS OF THE PRECOLOMBIAN PAST IN MUSEUMS OF CHILE

Jacqueline Correa-Lau, Javiera Carmona, Gabriela Carmona, Victoria Castro y Calogero M. Santoro (Chile)

It examines the uses and modes of representation of pre-Columbian cultures and indigenous peoples in a group of archaeological museums in Chile from a critical reading covering from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. The present of the archaeological museums is observed from the complexity of the relations between the pre-Columbian cultural objects they exhibit and past and present indigenous societies, on which a classification was elaborated expressed in the two positions that are derived from their discourses and museological practices. In the first, scientific criteria predominate in the museological conception and evokes a phrase from the verse of the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda in Alturas de Machu Picchu: “I come to speak for your dead mouth”. The second is characterized by an inclusive approach that recognizes the need to develop museum proposals with and for indigenous and non-indigenous communities, and refers to Rigoberta Menchú’s claim in her autobiography for giving her own vision of the history of her people: “my personal situation encompasses the whole reality of a people”. We also compare the Chilean experience and the museological phenomenon of the community museums of Mexico (i.e. Oaxaca) understood as a valid alternative of new guidelines in the curatorial discourses, on the representations of pre-Hispanic and present native peoples, to be adopted by the Chilean museums. In sum, as part of the widespread tendency to incorporate the thoughts and approaches of indigenous communities into museological work, the aim of the article is to problematize the system of Chilean archaeological museums and to analyze the dynamic relationship between the museum’s agency, its social actors and the contextual conditions that particularize its experience, whose understanding is significant in the projection of eventual transformations, which, although recognized as urgent matters, few examples have been maintained over time in Chile.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

CHILE ANTES DE CHILE: LOS NUEVOS TIEMPOS DEL MUSEO CHILENO DE ARTE PRECOLOMBINO

CHILE BEFORE CHILE: THE NEW TIMES OF THE CHILEAN MUSEUM OF PRE-COLUMBIAN ART

Carlos Aldunate del Solar (Chile)

In 2014, on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of its inauguration, the Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino (Chilean Museum of Pre-Columbian Art) went through a reflection process that resulted in a strategic plan. In it, new parameters and lines of action are established which focus on more openness to new audiences, with special emphasis on indigenous peoples.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

Al Canto del Agua. Poesía, Testimonio y Libro de la Comunidad Andina de San Pedro de Casta, Huarochirí Elías Rengifo de la Cruz. Silbaviento Ediciones, Huancayo, Perú, 2018, pp. 102.

Comentado por Joaquín José Antonio Molina Molina

postular, adopta esta impronta, en cuanto aborda los rasgos distintivos del caso que afronta el libro y sus detalles bajo una perspectiva metodológicamente amplia, interdisciplinaria y multiforme.
Como ya esbozan en su prólogo Gonzalo Espino Relucé, catedrático de la previamente mencionada casa de estudios, y, en el exordio, Marco Martos, expresidente de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua y destacadísimo poeta de la generación peruana del 60, este trabajo sobresale por incluir en su análisis elementos teóricos tributarios de los New Literacy Studies, basados fundamentalmente en las ideas de Víctor Vich (2001) respecto de los discursos orales que se fundamentan en textos escritos, además de orientar sobre el giro que han adoptado los estudios sobre alfabetización, evolucionando desde una perspectiva netamente cognitivista a una donde resulta imprescindible considerar los aportes de los estudios sociales, culturales, históricos e institucionales (Gee 2010). Asimismo, Rengifo emplea técnicas propias del análisis del discurso, provenientes de la semiótica de Algirdas Greimas y Paolo Fabbri, como lo son el esquema actancial y el programa narrativo. También destaca la aportación de la noción de ‘intertextualidad exoliteraria’ desarrollada por José Enrique Martínez Fernández (2001), que corresponde, grosso modo, a injertos en el texto literario provenientes de producción originalmente no literaria. Cabe mencionar además el concepto utilizado de ‘tecnología del intelecto’ de Jack Goody (1996) respecto del desarrollo de los métodos técnicos asociados a la escritura. Adicionalmente, Rengifo incluye en este trabajo los resultados propios de los procesos asociados a la investigación etnográfica, a partir de su observación participante realizada en un extendido período de trabajo de campo, que comenzó el año 1999 y se desarrolló intermitentemente por una década, con múltiples visitas a la comunidad de San Pedro de Casta, ubicada en la Provincia de Huarochirí, Departamento de Lima, Perú.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

THE RIGHT TO A LIFE WITH DIGNITY: HOUSING STRUGGLES AND EVERYDAY LIFE IN SANTIAGO, CHILE

EL DERECHO A LA VIDA DIGNA: LUCHAS POR LA VIVIENDA Y VIDA COTIDIANA EN SANTIAGO DE CHILE

Miguel Pérez

Contemporary anthropological reflections on the ethical dimensions of everyday life have been increasingly interested in examining moral categories such as “dignity”. In this context, a large part of these works has been concerned with the study of how excluded populations, through their ordinary practices predominantly in the intimate and private spheres, seek to attain a life with dignity. This article, in contrast, ethnographically analyzes how the pursuit of dignity, in addition to taking the form of social practices performed in the private space, also results in emerging forms of collective action. To do so, I examine the urban struggles carried out in Santiago, Chile, mostly by female urban dwellers in need of housing enrolled in housing committees (comités de allegados), i.e., state-regulated social organizations through which they seek to become homeowners. By specifically exploring the right to a life with dignity demanded by these urban dwellers, I hold that such a claim allows us to understand the ways in which the urban poor make sense of their everyday conditions of exclusion while, at the same time, reformulate the strategic demands of their mobilizations.

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